As independent living entities, cells possess remarkable vitality, proliferation and differentiation capacity, and functional plasticity. The therapeutic mechanisms of cell therapy fall into two main categories: (1) Direct action — cells directly utilize their specific biological activities to repair damaged tissues and organs, or exert specific/non-specific cytotoxic effects; (2) Indirect action — cells secrete relevant factors or bioactive molecules to regulate the patient’s own cellular proliferation and functional activity.
Due to the non-antigenic nature of organ extracts and cell therapy preparations, the patient’s immune system does not recognize them as foreign substances. It has been scientifically established that embryonic cells circulate from the injection site through the bloodstream until they are identified and bound by their corresponding target organs. These organ-specific — rather than species-specific — young cells transfer their vitality to aged and weakened cells, thereby stimulating function, renewing efficacy, and revitalizing the organs themselves.